Electrical apparatus



March 22,1927. 1,621,914

C. VAN RENNES ELECTRI CAL APPARATUS Filed Sept. 4. 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 1I77 1/2227? [am/5:15 ZwEmvA/ss March 22,1927.

(:1. VAN RENNES ELECTRICAL APPARATU$ Filed Sept. 4. 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet2 1571/9275 [URL/ELIE VANHENKfSI Patented Mar. 22, 1927.

rears-ii @JNE'TEE FE E- oozennms van RENNES, or narrow, onto, Asereuonso DLLCG-LIGHT OGM?ANY, or payroll, onto, COEEDRATIOE or DELAY-.TABE.

ELECTRICAL A plication fil ed September This invention relates toelectric motors, int includes among; its objects to cause the cooperate,periodically in. either diof rotation by mechanism which can ousedwithin the motor fran'ie, and which is durable and reliable.

in terms ot the invention shown herein :rere are provided a pluralityof" sets of h ishes, t brushes or web set being dis posed lydiametrically opposite but o i. i the neutral point on the comniechanism is provided for. causes the sets oi brushes to alternately Iand disengage the commutator, eciing a reve 'sal'oii rotation thereof.

Other and further objects of the present invention will be apparent fromthe following description, reference being had to the act-omyingkjlrawir I wherein apreferred embodiment of one term of the presentinon is clearly shown.

l ili- 1 is a {hagrammatic end view of a motor embodying a form ofthepresent in vention;

Figs. 2 and 8 are similar views of modified terms of the presentinvention; and i i l is a wiring diagram of the circuit connectionsemployed in the disclosed forms of the invention. i

Referring to the drawings, and more par: ticularly to Fig. 1, asupporting plate adapted to be attached to the frame" of 'a motor.carries arms and 26 pivoted at 25; Arm is provided with branch 2'? whichcarries brush 28 for engaging a motor commutator 29, and a bran ch Qcarrying roller 81; A m 26 is provided with branches 82 and 33 whichcarry roller 84 and brush 35 respectively. Arms and 26 areconnected byspring- 36 to the ends of which are attached. clips 37 and 88 engagingpins 89 and 40 carried by arms 25 and 26 respectively.

Arms and 46 are pivoted upon plate 20 at Arm l5 includes branches 48 and49 which carry brush 50and roller 51 respectively. 'Arin lt includesbranches 52 and '58 which carry roller 54 and brush 55 respectively,Arms s5 and 46 are connected' by spring 56to the' ends ofwhich scratchedclipsli? and 58 engaging pins '59 and60 car? ried by arms e6 wererespectively.

acorn shaped carries ispiv'o'ted on pin 68 carried by supporting'plate20, and has secured thereto a lever 95; A worm APPARATUS.

4, Serial No. 6 60 664.

secured to motor armature shaft 97 cooperates with a worm gear 98, whichis mounted in any suitable manner. A lug 99 carried by the worm gear, 98is adapted to engage the lever 95, thereby moving the cam (55 inopposite directions upon rev rsal of the motor. Qam carries a stud 67which cooperates \jvith an arcuate slot 68 in cam 69, which is attachedto sha l't A retaining". pawl- TO, pivoted at T1, is brovided withcurved branches Z2 and 73, the branch 7 carrying a roller, Tl adjacentits extremity. A spring 75, to the ends of which are atrochedclips T6and 77, connects branch "72 with a stud 78 carried by plate 20. Thistends yielding'ly tomaintain roller 7% in contact with the canimingsurfaces of the cam 65. I

Brushes 28 and and brushes 35 and 50 e mounted diametrically oppositewith respect to each other, and are off set from the neutral point onthe commutator 29.

Assuming that the brushes are in the position shown in Fig. 1, then uponclockwise rotation of worm gear, 98, lug 99 will engage lever 95causingcountei' cloclcwise direction or rotation of cam 65. The stud 67will then operate in slot 68 and upon striking surface 80,'the cam 69will be moved in a counter-clockwise direction. As cam 69' moves in thisdirection, surface 81 of cam 69 will engage roller 3e thereby cammingarm 26' aclockwise direction about its pivot 25 thereby lifting brush 850d the commutator29. As brush is being lifted off the commutator, thebrush 28 will be drawn toward the commutator by action of the spring36*whichmoves arm 25 on its pivot 25. ihe spring 36 will also holdroller 31 in con tact with surface 82. At this time roller M istraveling over (jamming surface 88 of cam When roller 7% comes incontact with the point 85 of cam 65, the spring 75 will cause "roller,74ito quickly travel over surface 86 into notch 87. Roller 31 will alsohedrawn into engagement with the curved surface 88. in this manner thebrush 35 is quickly ted off the'comn'iutator and brush 28 is quicklybrought into contact with the connniator." At the sametime, surface 89engagesroller 51, thus moving arm $5 in a clockwise direotionon itspivot {157, liftingbrush 50 out of contact with the commute tor 29; "atwhich time the spring 56' will bring brushe 'into contact with thecoinmutator. This shifting of brushes and 50 out of engagement with thecommutator and brushes 28 and 55 into engagement with the commutatorwill cause a reversal of the polarity of the motor armature and therebycause the same to rotate in an opposite direction.

Referring to Fig. 4, the circuit connections are shown to correspondwith the position of the brushes as shown in Fig. 1. The circuit thusshown is as follows: from a suitable source of current, wire 100, brush50, commutator 29, brush 35, series field 101, wire 102, back to thesource of current. However, when the brushes 35 and 50 are lifted fromthe commutator and the brushes 28 and 55 brought into engagementtherewith, in the manner above described, the polarity of the motorarmature Will be reversed, causing rotation thereof in'the oppositedirect-ion. The circuit will then be as follows: from the source ofcurrent, wire 100, brush 55, commutator 29, brush 28, series field 101,wire 102 back to the source of current.

As soon as the direction of rotation of the motor is reversed, the lug99 will engage lever 95 and cam 65 will also be rotated in an oppositeor clockwise direction, causing stud 67 to engage surface 90 therebyrotat ing cam 69 in a clockwise direction. Spring 36 will cause theroller 34 to follow surface 81 and surface 82 will engage roller 31,thus rotating arm 25 is a counter-clockwise direction on its pivot 25,and lifting brush 28 out of engagement with the commutator. As brush 28is lifted, the spring 36 acts to bring brush 35 into engagement with thecommutator. Roller 74 will also travel over surface 86 of cam 65, andupon reaching the point 85 thereof, spring 75 will cause the roller toride quickly over the surface 83 into the notch 91. Surface 92 of cam 69will engage roller 54, moving arm 46 in a counter-clockwise direction onits pivot 47, thus lifting brush 55 out of engagement with thecommutator, the spring 56 thereupon bringing brush 50 into contact withthe commutator. A reversal of rotation of the armature is therebysecured in the same manner as above, andthis cycle of operation willcontinue as long as the motor circuit remains closed and the cam 65 isoscillated.

The mechanism shown in Fig. 2 is substantially the same as that shown inFig. 1 with the exception of the cam 110 which replaces the cam 69 shownin Fig. 1. This cam 110 is provided with an arcuate slot 111 whichcooperates with stud 67 carried by cam 65, and also with flanges 112 and113. when cam 65 isrotated in a counter-clockwise direction, as viewedin Fig. 2, the stud 67 will engage with the surface 114 and therebyrotate cam 110 in a counter-clockwise direction. As cam 110 rotates inthis direction, roller 54 will follow flange 112 being 131,respectively,

held thereagainst by spring 56, and brush 55' will come into contactwith commutator 29. At the same time the flange 112 will contact withroller 51, swinging arm in a clockwise direction on its pivot 47 andlifting brush out of contact with commutator 29. The flange 113 willengage roller 34 and lift brush 35 through movement of arm 26 in aclockwise direction on its pivot 25. This movement of arm 26 willthrough means of spring 36 cause a clockwise direction of movement ofarm 25, thereby lowering brush 28 into contact with the commutator 29.Retaining pawl 70 and roller 74 will cooperate with cam 65 in the samemanner as described in connection with Fig. 1. The simultaneous raisingof brushes Y35 and 50 and the lowering of brushes and 28 will reversethe polarity of the armature and cause it to rotate in the oppositedirection. Upon this reversal of direction of rotation,

the cam will be moved in a clockwise di-* rection, the stud 67 strikingthe surface 115 and moving cam 110 in a clockwise direction. The flange113 will then engage roller 31 and swing arm 25 in a counterclockwisedirection thereby lifting brush 28 away from commutator 29. At the sametime brush 35 is quickly brought into engagement with commutator'29 byaction of the retaining pawl and roller 74 as above described. Flange112 will contact with roller 54 thereby lifting brush 55. Brush 50 willbe quickly brought into engagement with the commutator 30 by action ofretaining pawl 70 and roller 74 cooperating with cam 65, as abovedescribed.

Referring to Fig. 3, supporting plate 120 carries an acorn shaped cam121 pivoted at 122. Acorn shaped cam 123 is secured to shaft 124 whichpasses through plate 120 and is provided with lever 95 adapted to beengaged by lug 99 carried by worm gear 98 in the manner above described.Brush arm 125 is also secured to shaft 124 and is provided with anarcuate slot 126 which cooperates with a stud 127 carried by cam 123.Brush arm 125 is provided with branches 128 and 129 which carry brushes130 and adapted for engagement with commutator 132. Brush arm 133 ispivoted at 122 and is provided with an arcrr; ate slot 134 whichcooperates with a stud 135 carriedv by cam 121. Brush arm 133 isprovided with'branches 136 and 137 which carry brushes 138 and 139respectively,

adapted for engagement with commutator 132. Brushes .131 and 138 aredisposed at substantially 180 degrees with respect to-each other, thesame being true with regard to brushes 130 and 139. Each of these setsof brushes, however, are offset from the neutral point on the commutator132. A lever 140, pivoted at 141, is provided with forked ends 142 and143 which cooperate with studs 127 and 13.5 respectively. It will beapparent that when cam and Stud 127 move in; a given direction, thismovement will be transmitted to stud 135 by lever 1 10', whereby to movestud 155 and consequently cam 121 in an opposite direction.

Retaining pawlmembers 14-1 and 14:3 pivoted at 146 and 147 respectively,Zlltl provided with curved branches 14,8 and 14 9- and 150 and 151respectively. Branches l-l-S) and 151'- carry at their free ends rollers152 andv 1.53 respectively. A- spring 15% is provided with clips. and.156 at its opposite ends, the clip being secured tov the stud 157,arried by branch 150 adjacent its free end, and clip'15-6 engaging pivotpin H6. Thus the spring 15%: tends to hold roller 153 in yieldingContact with the camming surfaces of the (ram 121. A spring 158 )10-vided with clips 15,9. and 160 atits opposite ends, the clip 159 beingsecured to the pivot 1 17,, and clip 160 engaging stud 161 carried bybranch 1 18 adjacent its free end. Thus the spring 158 tendsto holdroller 152 in yielding contact with the camming surfaces of the cam 123.

Assume the mechanism is in the position shown in 3. When the cam 123 ismover in a clockwise direction by engagement of lug 99 with lever 95,the lever 140 will be rotated in a counterblockwise direction on itspivot 1 11, thereby moving cam 121 through forked portion 148 and stud13.5, in a clockwise direction on its pivot 122. Simultaneously with thestriking of the pin 127 against the surface 162, the stud 135 willstrike surface 163. At this time, the arms 125 and 133 will be moved ina clockwise direction, the rollers 152 and 15S riding on the surfaces164 and 165 respectively of cams 123 and 121 respectively. As these cams123 and 121 continue to rotate, the rollers 152 and 158 will come incontact with the points 166 and 167 of cams 123 and 121 respectively.The rollers 152 and 153 will then quickly move over the surfaces 168 and169 respectively by action of springs 158 and 1541 re spectively intothe notches 170 and 171 respectively, thereby quickly raising brushes131 and 138 out of contact with commutator and quickly lowering brushes130 and 139 into contact therewith. This shifting of the brushes justdescribed will reverse the polarity of the motor armature and therebycause it to rotate in a reverse direction. 'lhereupon the cams 123 and121 will be rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, causing studs 127and 135 to engage surfaces 17 2 and 173 respectively and thereby movearms 125 and 133 in a counter-clockwise direction on their pivots 124Cand 122 respectively. Rollers 152 and 153 which at this time are inengagement with surfaces 168 and 169 respectively, will move up intocontact with the cam points 166 and 167 respectively, and

are

will then quickly travel; over surfaces 164: and 165 respectively intothe notches 173 and 17st respectively by action of springs 15,8 and 154respectively. This movement of arms 125 and will cause brushes 130 and139 to be quickly lifted out of contact with the commutator and tnebrushes 131 and 138 to be quickly brought into engagement therewith,thereby reversing the polarity of the motor armature and causing it torotate in the opposite direction. This cycle of operation will continueas long the motor circuit remains closed and the cam 121 is oscillated.

it will be apparent from the foregoing description that it is impossiblefor the motor to stop with all of the motor brushes in engagement or outof engagement with the connnutator. For example, in Figs. 1 and shouldthe motor stop he tore the roller engages the point 85 of cam 65 andbefore dead ce -er is passed, the roller 7% will be forced bac by springinto either the notch 87 or 91 of 01111165, dependent upon which cammingsurface of cam 65 the roller 7% happens to be in engagement with whenthe motor stops. l Vhen roller 74 is resting in notch 87, the brushesand 50 will be in engagement with commutator 29, and brushes 2S and willbe out of enga einent therewith. The pos tion of these bruses wcommutator will be reversed when roller is resting in notch 91.

In the event he motor stops with roller 71 in engagement with the pointbeyond dead center, the shifting of the brushes will be completed byaction of spring 75.

lVhile the forms of mechanism herein shown and described constitutepreferred embodiments of one .torm of invention, it is to be understoodthat other forms might be adopted and various changes and alterationsmade in the shape, size, and proportion of the elements therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

lVhat is claimed is as follows:

1. An automatically reversible motor, comprising in combination, a fieldmember; an armature; a plurality. of independent sets of commutatorbrushes ofi-set from the neutral point on the commutator, the brushes ofeach set being disposed substantially diametrically opposite; motorcontrolled means for causing abrush of one set and the new adjacentbrush of another set alternately to engage the commutator periodicallyand at recurrent sequence; and separate means controlled by the movementof said first named brushes and the operation of the motor controlledmeans for causing the other brushes of said sets alternately to engagethe commutator subsequently to the disengagement of the first namedbrushes with the commutator whereby the polarity of the armature isreversed.

2. An automatically reversible motor, com- :n respect to the prising incombination, a field-member; an armature; pivotally mounted brush arms,each being independently movable; motor brushes carried by said brusharms; means for moving either brush arm away fom the commutator; andmeans including a spring connecting the brush arms whereby move ment ofeither brush arm away from the commutator will, after said brush hasleft the commutator cause the other brush to be yieldingly urged againstthe commutator.

3. An automatically reversible motor, comprising in combination, a fieldmember; an armature; movable brushes for engaging the commutator; meansfor moving either brush from the commutator; a spring connecting thebrushes whereby movement of either brush away from the commutator willcause the other brush to be yieldingly urged toward the commutator;means for moving said brushes away from the commutator; and means forstaying the movement of the brush toward the commutator until said firstmeans is rendered operable.

4. An automatically reversible motor, comprising in combination, a fieldmember; an armature; pairs of independently movable brushes; means formoving either pair of brushes from the commutator; and springsconnecting a bush of one pair with a brush of another pair wherebymovement of either pair of brushes away from the commutator will causethe other pair of brushes to be yieldingly urged toward the commutator.

5. An automatically reversible motor, comprising in combination, a fieldmember; an armature; a. plurality of independently movable brushesadapted to engage the commutator; means interconnecting the brushes fornormally tending to yieldingly maintain the brushes in engagement withthe commutator; and motor controlled means for lifting one of saidbrushes from the commutator, said means being adapted to stay themovement of another brush toward the commutator until said means hasoperated to lift the first mentioned brush.

6. An automatically reversible motor, comprising in combination, a fieldmember; an armature; a plurality of independent sets of commutatorbrushes oif-set from the neutral point on the commutator, the brush ofeach set being disposed substantially dia metrically opposite; motorcontrolled means for periodically and recurrently moving a brush of oneset out of engagement with the commutator and subsequently movinganother set of brushes into engagement with the commutator; andresilient means interposed between the brushes of the same set andcontrolled by the said motor controlled means for moving one brush ofthe set into engagement with the commutator after the other brush ofsaid set has been moved out of engagement with said commutator.

In testimony whereof I hereto afix my signature.

CORNELIS VAN REN N ES.

